Submissions

Author Guidelines

1. About the Journal

Advances in Modern Biomedicine (AMB, E-ISSN: 2982-3870) is an open access journal that serves as a platform for the global scientific community to share significant advances in biomedicine. More information can be found in Aims & Scope.

2. Article Publishing Charge

The Article Processing Charges (APC) for all article types (research, review, case reports) is $50, and the content will be published under a CC BY license. AMB offers full or partial fee waivers for eligible articles from low- and middle-income economies. For specific APC policies, please refer to the Open Access policy section.

3. Submission Checklist

As part of the submission process, authors are required to check off their submission's compliance with all of the following items, and submissions may be returned to authors that do not adhere to these guidelines.

• The submission has not been previously published, nor is it before another journal for consideration (or an explanation has been provided in Comments to the Editor).
• The submission file is in Microsoft Word, or PDF document file format.
• All figures in TIFF, PNG or JPEG formats, RGB color mode, with a resolution of 300 dpi, and complying with CC-BY licence.Permissions need to be obtained for re-published/adapted/modified/partial figures, and it is the responsibility of the authors to acquire the licenses, to follow any citation instructions requested by third-party rights holders, and cover any supplementary charges. Uploaded figures will be embedded at the end of the submitted manuscript. See here for more information.
• Tables should be directly inserted into the manuscript and in source form (doc, tex), not as figures. You should prepare the files accordingly.
• Where available, URLs for the references have been provided.
• The text adheres to the stylistic and bibliographic requirements outlined in the Author Guidelines.
• Authors of articles published in AMB retain the copyright of their articles.
• Authors grant AMB a license to publish the article and identify itself as the original publisher.
• Authors will retain broad re-use rights to their article content for their future publications.
• When AMB publishes the article we will apply a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License allowing re-use of the article by third parties for particular purposes.

4. Preparing Your Paper

4.1 Article Types

AMB accepts the following types of article:

• Original Research
• Review Article
• Case Report

4.1.1 Research Articles

Research articles report preliminary studies and must describe significant and original findings. Publication consideration is based on originality, novelty, scientific validity, and appropriateness of analysis.

Research articles are reports of original work. For submissions reporting randomized controlled trial results, a completed Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) checklist must be provided; incomplete submissions may be returned to authors.

All investigations involving human subjects require prior approval from an Institutional Review Board (IRB) or ethics committee.‌

4.1.2 Review Articles

Review articles are considered commentaries on research or summary papers. They should provide expert coverage of current topics in the field, offering evidence-based answers to well-defined aspects or questions. Review articles must include critical discussion and clear conclusions.‌

4.1.3 Case Reports

Case reports may present case studies, case series, or other case descriptions. Submissions may be based on a single case or multiple similar cases and must be labeled as such in the title. The key requirement is that they offer a new perspective on a recognized clinical scenario or describe a entirely new clinical condition.

Manuscripts must include:

• A substantial review of relevant literature, including an updated review of prior similar cases, to establish the novelty of the reported case。Compliance with the ‌CARE guidelines‌ strongly recommended
• A statement confirming written informed consent for publication (e.g., "Written informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this case report and accompanying images.")
• If the patient is deceased, consent must be obtained from next of kin.
• If the patient is a minor or vulnerable individual, parental/legal guardian consent is required.

4.2 Language Types

AMB only publishes manuscripts in English. Presenting your work in well-written English gives it its best chance for editors and reviewers to understand it and evaluate it fairly.

4.3 Inclusive Language Policy‌

AMB Journal requires all submissions to comply with our inclusive language policy. Authors should avoid implying or reflecting personal biases in areas unrelated to the subject matter, such as age, gender, race, ethnicity, culture, sexual orientation, disability, religion, or socioeconomic status. We encourage the use of inclusive language and the integration of diversity, equity, and inclusion considerations throughout the research.

‌To Avoid:‌

Derogatory, offensive, or irrelevant descriptors of personal attributes (e.g., age, gender, race, ethnicity, culture, sexual orientation, disability, or health status) that are not critical to the discussion.

Any language that implies a specific culture or group as the default or standard.

‌Recommendations:‌

Proactively ask individuals or groups how they prefer to be referred to.

Adhere to the SAGER guidelines for gender and sex representation in research.

Language shapes perception, evokes emotions, and influences perspectives. Let us foster an inclusive and respectful discourse in the scientific community.

4.4 File Formats

You are encouraged to use the Microsoft word (DOC, DOCX) template when preparing a submission.

Please note: editable files are required for processing in production. If your manuscript contains any non-editable files (such as PDFs) you will be required to re-submit an editable file when you submit your revised manuscript, or after editorial acceptance in case no revision is necessary.

4.5 Sections in Manuscripts

Manuscripts submitted for research and review articles in the journal should be divided into the following sections:

• Title
• Abstract
• Keywords
• List of Abbreviations (if any)
• Main text
• Figures (if any)
• Tables (if any)
• Equations (if any)
• Complying with Ethics of Experimentation (if any)
• Research Involving Human Subjects (if any)
• Research Involving Animal Subjects (if any)
• Clinical Trials (if any)
• Availability of Data and Materials
• Funding
• Declaration of Competing Interest
• Acknowledgements (if any)
• Author Contributions (if any)
• Generative Artificial Intelligence
• References
• Supportive/Supplementary Material (if any)

4.5.1 Title

The title must be concise, informative, and accurately reflect the manuscript's content. It should incorporate key terms to enhance discoverability. Avoid non-standard abbreviations and superfluous phrases. Title case capitalization is required (capitalize the first letter of each major word, excluding articles, conjunctions, and prepositions).

4.5.2 Abstract

The primary purpose of an abstract is to clearly convey the overall significance and conceptual advances of a work to a broad readership. Abstracts may be structured or unstructured. A structured abstract must adhere to the following format, including all four subheadings and their corresponding explanations: Background, Methods, Results, and Conclusion. An unstructured abstract must include three core elements: Background, Key Findings, and Conclusion. The use of abbreviations should be minimized, and references to literature, figures, or tables should be avoided. For clinical trial articles, include the unique identifier and URL of the publicly accessible trial registration website.

4.5.3 Keywords

Please provide 3-7 keywords. Choose important and relevant keywords that researchers in your field will be searching for so that your paper will appear in a database search.

4.5.4 Figures

During the initial submission, figures must be uploaded as standalone high-resolution image files rather than embedded within the manuscript. For each figure, provide a brief title describing the entire graphic. For figures with multiple panels, clearly label each panel using designations (A), (B), (C), (D), etc. For graphs, each axis must include a self-explanatory label (including units). All scale bars must be defined either within the image file itself or in the figure legend.

All figures must be referenced/mentioned in the main text in numerical order.

Authors are encouraged to send the highest-quality (a wide variety of formats, sizes, and resolutions) figures. The final resolution of all images must be 300 dpi. Verify the resolution by enlarging the graphic to 150%. If the image appears blurry, pixelated, or exhibits stair-stepping effects, the resolution is insufficient. Accepted formats: TIF/TIFF (.tif/.tiff), PNG (.png) and JPEG (.jpg).

For all other images, if colour enhances your submission and improves its readability, please supply the appropriate figure (s) in colour. Please choose colours carefully and use pastel shades to ensure a high standard of presentation. The editors reserve the right to add colour where it will improve the article.

Legends should be concise but comprehensive, the figure and its legend must be understandable without reference to the text. Include definitions of any symbols used and define/explain all abbreviations and units of measurement.

4.5.5 Tables

All tables must be presented in an editable Word format and inserted in the main text after the paragraph in which they are first mentioned. Each table should stand on its own, clearly convey its meaning, be understandable without reference to the main text, and must supplement, not duplicate, information elsewhere in the manuscript. Legends should be concise but comprehensive – the tables, legends, and footnotes must be understandable without reference to the text. All abbreviations must be defined in footnotes. Please note that embedding Excel objects is not permitted; data from Excel should be copied and pasted into Word documents as editable content. Furthermore, tables exceeding two pages may only be published online as supplementary material.

4.5.6 Equations

All equations must be created using a professional equation editor (e.g., MathType or the built-in editor in Microsoft Word) to ensure they are editable and scalable. Embedding equations as images is not acceptable.

To maintain clarity and professional typesetting, please adhere to the following formatting guidelines:

• Variables should be in italics.
• Constants, units, and chemical formulae should be in upright (roman) font.
• Vectors and matrices are typically set in bold italics.
• Equation numbers should be placed in parentheses and aligned to the right margin.

Equations should be sequentially numbered throughout the manuscript for easy reference

4.5.7 Complying with Ethics of Experimentation

AMB is committed to upholding the highest standards of ethical conduct in scientific research. All manuscripts describing experimental studies must comply with the following mandatory requirements. Non-compliance will result in rejection of the manuscript and may lead to further action.

4.5.8 Ethical Approval and Oversight

Mandatory Declaration: For all studies involving human subjects, human tissue, or animal experimentation, authors must declare within the manuscript that the research has been formally approved by an appropriate Independent Ethics Committee (IEC), Institutional Review Board (IRB), or Animal Ethics Committee (AEC).

Approval Prior to Research: Ethical approval must have been obtained before the commencement of the study.

Identifying Information: The name of the ethics committee/institutional review board and the approval number/reference ID must be explicitly stated in the manuscript, typically in the 'Methods' section.

4.5.9 Studies Involving Human Participants

Research involving human subjects or human tissues should follow the Declaration of Helsinki.

The studies involving human participants must be approved by the appropriate institutional ethics committee. Informed written consent from all participants should be provided. Authors should include the statement in the manuscript, for example:

 "This study was approved by the [Full Name of Ethics Committee] (Approval No. [Number]). All participants provided written informed consent. The procedures were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments."

Authors have a duty to protect patients' and participants' anonymity. Identifying information, including names, initials, hospital numbers, dates, and photographs, must be removed from the manuscript. If there is any risk of identification, authors must obtain consent for publication from the participant or their legal guardian.

If the study doesn't require ethical approval or consent procedures, authors need to provide the exemption statement obtained from the ethics committee.

4.5.10 Studies Involving Animal Subjects

AMB endorses the Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments (ARRIVE) for reporting experiments involving live animals. Authors need to use the ARRIVE guidelines as a checklist. Editors reserve the right to request the checklist and reject submissions that do not meet ARRIVE guidelines. Clinical studies involving animals and interventions outside of routine care require ethics committee oversight as per the American Veterinary Medical Association.

Research involving animals should be approved by the ethics committee or institutional review board. Authors should include the statement in the manuscript, for example:

"All animal experiments were approved by the [Full Name of the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee or Ethics Committee] (Approval No. [Number]). All procedures were performed in accordance with the National Institutes of Health Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals or other relevant national guidelines. "

Research involving animals comply with the 3Rs:

(1) Replacement: replacing animal experiments with alternative methods wherever possible;

(2) Reduction: decreasing the number of animals used in experiments;

(3) Refinement: refining methods to improve animal welfare and reduce suffering.

Humane Endpoints: Methods of anesthesia, analgesia, and euthanasia must be described in detail and must be in line with accepted veterinary best practices.

If the study is exempt from ethical approval, authors need to provide the exemption statement obtained from the ethics committee or institutional review board.

4.5.11 Clinical Trials

AMB strictly adheres to the guidelines of the World Medical Association (WMA)’s Declaration of Helsinki, the World Health Organization (WHO), and the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) to ensure the reliability and impartiality of clinical research results reported in its journals, while always safeguarding the rights, welfare, integrity, and confidentiality of human research participants. All studies involving human participants must be planned, conducted, and reported in accordance with the 2024 revised Declaration of Helsinki.

AMB supports the Enhancing the QUAlity and Transparency Of health Research (EQUATOR) Network and requires all clinical research manuscripts to follow the appropriate reporting guidelines, such as CONSORT for trials, Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) for observational studies, and CARE for case reports.

Clinical trials must be prospectively registered in a publicly accessible registry recognized by WHO and ICMJE before enrolling the first participant. Prior to recruitment, approval from an independent ethics committee or institutional review board must be obtained, and the identity of the approving committee must be disclosed upon submission. If there is any potential conflict with the Declaration of Helsinki, authors must explain the rationale for their methodology and provide evidence that the reviewing body explicitly approved the conflicting aspects of the study.

Each participant or their legal guardian must provide written, dated informed consent before recruitment and any intervention. For studies involving minors, the participant's own consent must also be documented. The privacy rights of research participants are strictly protected. If a manuscript includes case details or personal images of patients or other individuals, appropriate consent, permission, and release must be obtained, and the material must comply with all applicable laws and regulations regarding personal information privacy and/or security. Unnecessary identifying information must be omitted in publications.

All competing interests and sources of funding must be declared upon submission and published as part of the manuscript to comply with our competing interests policy. For clinical trials, the trial protocol (including any amendments and statistical analysis plan) must be provided to reviewers but is not required to be published. Interim and exploratory analyses not pre-specified in the statistical analysis plan for ongoing trials will be evaluated on a case-by-case basis.

AMB editors will pre-screen all clinical trial manuscripts before sending them for peer review to ensure compliance with policy. For inquiries about clinical trial submissions, please contact the editor-in-chief of the respective journal, who will assess whether the study complies with the ethical guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki, WHO, and ICMJE.

4.5.12 Availability of Data and Materials

AMB is committed to promoting the openness, transparency, and reproducibility of research and has established the following research data sharing policy.

Under appropriate ethical and legal considerations, authors are encouraged to share their research data in relevant public repositories, including a Data Availability Statement (DAS) with a link to the data. The DAS should provide information on where the data supporting the reported results can be found, including, where applicable, a persistent web link to publicly archived datasets generated or analyzed during the study. If the research data is not publicly available, the manuscript must state the reason and any conditions for accessing the data.

The Data Availability Statement must adopt one of the following forms (or a combination of forms if multiple types of research data are involved):

• The datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current study are available in the ‌[NAME]‌ repository at ‌[persistent web link]‌.
• Due to ‌[reason for non-publication]‌, the datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current study are not publicly available but may be obtained from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
• The datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
• Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study.
• All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article [and its supplementary information files].
• Data supporting the findings of this study are available from ‌[third-party name]‌, but restrictions apply to their availability. These data were used under license for the current study and are not publicly available. However, the data may be obtained from the authors upon reasonable request and with permission from ‌[third-party name]‌.

4.5.13 Funding‌

All sources of funding for the research reported must be declared. If the funder has a specific role in the conceptualization, design, data collection, analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript, this should be explicitly stated.

The corresponding author is responsible for identifying and declaring all funding sources received for the research submitted to the journal. During submission, the corresponding author must provide the funder's name, award number, and grant recipient. If no funding sources are applicable, the corresponding author must state, "No funding information is available." The funding information will be recorded during the submission process and included in the final publication.

The corresponding author must complete this task on behalf of all authors and ensure the complete accuracy of the information.

Funding Statement Examples‌

Single funding source‌: This work was supported by [Funding Agency] under Grant [Number AMB].

Multiple funding sources‌: This work was supported by [Funding Agency #1] under Grant [Number AMB]; [Funding Agency #2] under Grant [Number AMB]; and [Funding Agency #3] under Grant [Number AMB].

4.5.14 Declaration of Competing Interest

Corresponding authors, on behalf of all the authors of a submission, must disclose any financial and personal relationships with other people or organizations that could inappropriately influence (bias) their work. Examples of potential conflicts of interest include employment, consultancies, stock ownership, honoraria, paid expert testimony, patent applications/registrations, and grants or other funding. If there is no conflict of interest, please state "The authors declare no conflict of interest."

4.5.15 Acknowledgements

This section is intended to recognize the contributions of specific colleagues, institutions, or organizations that have provided assistance to the author. If the content of the manuscript has previously appeared online (e.g., in a preprint or other publication), it should be acknowledged here in addition to being cited in the reference list.

Acknowledgments are meant to recognize individuals who have directly contributed to the research. Authors are requested to avoid expressing personal gratitude to individuals or entities not directly involved in the research or only tangentially related to the manuscript’s production. While these acknowledgments may hold personal significance for the authors, they are considered indirect contributions to the research unless specifically tied to a research activity. Authors remain responsible for ensuring compliance with these guidelines in the final published version.

4.5.16 Author Contributions

Our journal maintains a policy of transparent authorship. Accordingly, all submitting authors are required to provide a comprehensive Author Contributions statement with their manuscript. This statement should be incorporated into the main text within a distinct section, labeled "Author Contributions," and positioned before the reference list. Each contributor must be clearly identified by their initials or full name, with their individual roles explicitly described thereafter. Multiple roles per author are permissible and should be fully enumerated.

We recommend using the standardized Contributor Roles Taxonomy (CRediT) to describe author contributions. This framework defines 14 distinct roles. Authors should select the role(s) that best describe their contribution(s).

(1) Conceptualization: Ideas; formulation or evolution of overarching research goals and aims.

(2) Methodology: Development or design of methodology; creation of models.

(3) Software: Programming, software development; designing computer programs; implementation of the computer code and supporting algorithms.

(4) Validation: Verification, whether as a part of the activity or separate, of the overall replication/reproducibility of results/experiments and other research outputs.

(5) Formal Analysis: Application of statistical, mathematical, computational, or other formal techniques to analyze or synthesize study data.

(6) Investigation: Conducting a research and investigation process, specifically performing the experiments, or data/evidence collection.

(7) Data Curation: Management activities to annotate (produce metadata), scrub data and maintain research data (including software code, where it is necessary for interpreting the data itself) for initial use and later re-use.

(8) Writing – Original Draft: Preparation, creation and/or presentation of the published work, specifically writing the initial draft.

(9) Writing – Review & Editing: Preparation, creation and/or presentation of the published work by those from the original research group, specifically critical review, commentary or revision.

(10) Visualization: Preparation, creation and/or presentation of the published work, specifically visualization/ data presentation.

(11) Resources: Provision of study materials, reagents, materials, patients, laboratory samples, animals, instrumentation, computing resources, or other analysis tools.

(12) Funding Acquisition: Acquisition of the financial support for the project leading to this publication.

(13) Supervision: Oversight and leadership responsibility for the research activity planning and execution.

(14) Project Administration: Management and coordination responsibility for the research activity planning and execution.

Authorship Order and Equal Contribution

The order of authors should be a joint decision of all co-authors. The corresponding author is responsible for ensuring that all authors have approved the final manuscript and agree to be listed in the proposed order.

In cases where two or more authors have made an equivalent core contribution, this may be indicated by a note (e.g., These authors contributed equally to this work.) in the author superscript and the Author Contributions Statement.

4.5.17 Generative Artificial Intelligence

Authors who have used artificial intelligence (AI) tools in the writing, creation of manuscript figures, or data collection and analysis must transparently disclose in the manuscript which AI tools were used and how they were employed. Authors bear full responsibility for the content of their submitted manuscript, including any portion generated by AI tools, and are thus accountable for any breaches of publication ethics.

4.5.18 References

References must be numbered in order of appearance in the text (including table captions and figure legends) and listed individually at the end of the manuscript.

In the text, reference numbers should be placed in square brackets [ ], and placed before the punctuation; for example [1], [1-3] or [1,3].

The reference list must adhere to the following formatting guidelines:

• List all references sequentially according to their in-text citation number.
• Authors' names should follow the format of Initial(s). Last name (e.g., Harris KS., Guyer P). For papers with more than six authors, list the first six followed by "et al.".
• The Digital Object Identifier (DOI) number should be provided for all applicable references, formatted as a functional URL (e.g., DOI: 10.XXXX/XXXXx).
• All web links/URLs must be functional and lead directly to the cited content.
• The reference list should only include articles that are published or accepted. For accepted but unpublished works, use 'in press' instead of page numbers.

Important Notes:

All citations in the text must have a corresponding entry in the reference list and vice versa.

Authors are solely responsible for the accuracy and completeness of all references.

Citations for "Unpublished Work" or "Personal Communication" should be included within the text and are typically not added to the reference list.

References should be described as follows, depending on the type of work:

Journal Articles:

For less than six authors:

[1] Rohm TV, Meier DT, Olefsky JM, Donath MY. Inflammation in obesity, diabetes, and related disorders. Immunity, 2022, 55(1), 31-55. DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.12.013

For more than 6 authors:
[2] Yu S, Huang F, Wang Y, Xu Y, Yang T, Fan Z, et al. Haploidentical transplantation might have superior graft-versus-leukemia effect than HLA-matched sibling transplantation for high-risk acute myeloid leukemia in first complete remission: a prospective multicentre cohort study. Leukemia, 2020, 34(5), 1433-1443. DOI: 10.1038/s41375-019-0686-3

Books and Book Chapters:

[3] Cowan, WM, Jessell TM, Zipursky SL. Molecular and Cellular Approaches to Neural Development. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.

Theses and dissertations:

[4] Smith J. Post-structuralist discourse relative to phenomological pursuits in the deconstructivist arena. University of Chicago, 2008.

Websites:

[5] Website World Health Organization. (2018). E. coli. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/e-coli [Accessed March 15, 2018].

Preprint:

[6] Smith J. Title of the document. Preprint repository name [Preprint]. 2008. Available at: https://persistent-url (Accessed March 15, 2018).

Patent:

[7] Marshall SP. Method and apparatus for eye tracking and monitoring pupil dilation to evaluate cognitive activity. U.S. Patent No 6,090,051. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, 2020.

Data:

[8] Perdiguero P, Venturas M, Cervera MT, Gil L, Collada C. Data from: Massive sequencing of Ulms minor's transcriptome provides new molecular tools for a genus under the constant threat of Dutch elm disease. Dryad Digital Repository, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5061/dryad.ps837

If encountering other types, you can consult the editorial department (amb@gospub.com).

4.5.19 Supportive/Supplementary Material

Selecting supplementary material

Supplementary materials refer to non-core data that cannot be included in the main manuscript due to space, format, or content constraints, such as videos, raw data traces, and PowerPoint presentations. Their purpose is to fully document the research process and enhance reproducibility.‌

‌Content Selection Principles‌

Non-essential data (e.g., repetitive experimental records)

Content exceeding format limits (e.g., high-definition videos, large datasets)

Supporting materials (e.g., unedited raw audio, unannotated images)

‌Format Specifications‌

Disable track changes, line numbers, and highlighting

Include a concise title (e.g., "Supplementary Video 1: Cell Migration Time-lapse")

Exclude author information, affiliations, or contact details

Appendices

Appendix‌ is used to provide supplementary details for key information in the main text, such as mathematical derivations, additional statistical tables, or expanded methodological explanations. The appendix should be limited to one page; any content exceeding this length will be moved to the ‌Supplementary Materials‌. 

File Types and Technical Requirements

‌Category‌	‌Acceptable Formats‌	‌Special Requirements‌
Data Sheet‌	Word, Excel, CSV, CDX, FASTA, PDF or ZIP	Retain original data formatting
‌Presentations‌	PowerPoint, PDF or ZIP	Disable animations
‌Images‌	JPEG, PNG or TIFF	Resolution ≥300 dpi, RGB color mode
‌Audio‌	MP3 (.mp3), WAV (.wav), WMA (.wma)	Sampling rate ≥44.1 kHz
‌Video‌	AVI, DIVX, FLV, MOV, MP4, MPEG or WMV	Resolution ≥720p, no subtitles/watermarks

5. Recommend and Excluding Peer Reviewers

You may suggest potential peer reviewers for your manuscript. If you wish to do so, please provide their institutional email addresses where possible, alongside information that will help the Editor verify their identity and expertise (such as an Open Researcher and Contributor ID (ORCID), Scopus profile, or a link to their professional homepage).

To ensure an impartial assessment, proposed reviewers must be independent and must meet the following criteria:

They must not be current collaborators of any of the co-authors.

They must not have published with any of the co-authors.

They should be affiliated with institutions different from those of all authors.

Suitable candidates may include members of the journal's Editorial Board or other leading scholars in the field. Please note that the Editors are not obligated to invite any of the suggested reviewers and will make the final selection.

Important Notice: Intentionally falsifying information, for example, by suggesting reviewers with a false name or email address, will result in the rejection of your manuscript and may lead to further investigation in line with our misconduct policy.

During submission you may enter details of anyone who you would prefer not to review your manuscript.